APS Member History

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101	Name:	Alexis Carrel
	Year Elected:	1909
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1873
	Death Date:	11/5/44

102	Name:	Dr. Sean B. Carroll
	Institution:	University of Maryland; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
	Year Elected:	2017
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	207. Genetics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1960

	Sean B. Carroll is a scientist, writer, educator, and film producer. His laboratory research has centered on the genes that control animal body patterns and play major roles in the evolution of animal diversity. He has received the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Sciences, been elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the European Molecular Biology Organization, as well as a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2017. Sean is the author of several books for general audiences, including A Series of Fortunate Events: Chance and the Making of the Planet, Life, and You (2020), The Serengeti Rules, Brave Genius, The Making of the Fittest, Endless Forms Most Beautiful and Remarkable Creatures, which was a finalist for the National Book Award for non-fiction. In 2016, Sean received the Lewis Thomas Prize for Writing about Science. Sean is currently Vice President, Science and Educational Media Group at Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Head of HHMI’s Tangled Bank Studios. The architect of HHMI’s documentary film initiative, Sean has served as executive producer of nearly forty films, including the Emmy-winning The Farthest and The Serengeti Rules, and Oscar-nominated All That Breathes – the only documentary to win top honors at both Sundance and Cannes Film Festivals. In June 2018 he joined the University of Maryland's Department of Biology as the Andrew and Mary Balo and Nicholas and Susan Simon Endowed Chair.

103	Name:	Ermine Cowles Case
	Year Elected:	1931
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1871
	Death Date:	9/7/53

104	Name:	Dr. Torbjörn Caspersson
	Institution:	Karolinska Sjukhuset
	Year Elected:	1974
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1910
	Death Date:	December 7, 1997

105	Name:	William E. Castle
	Year Elected:	1910
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1868
	Death Date:	6/3/62

106	Name:	Dr. William B. Castle
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1939
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1897
	Death Date:	8/9/90

107	Name:	J. McKean Cattell
	Year Elected:	1888
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1861
	Death Date:	1/20/44

108	Name:	Dr. Thomas R. Cech
	Institution:	University of Colorado, Boulder; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1947

	Tom Cech is one of the world's leading biochemists and the discoverer of the enzymatic activity of RNA, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1989. He is a marvelous teacher, dedicated to education at all levels, and a distinguished spokesman for science. President of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) from 2000-2009, Dr. Cech is presently an HHMI investigator serving on the faculties of the University of Colorado (since 1978) and the Health Sciences Center, Denver (since 1988). He is the recipient of the Gairdner Foundation International Award (1988); the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize (1988); the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award (1988); and the National Medal of Science (1995) and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1987); the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1988); and the Institute of Medicine (2000).

109	Name:	Dr. Carlos Chagas
	Institution:	Univeridade Federal de Rio de Janeiro
	Year Elected:	1968
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	209. Neurobiology
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1910
	Death Date:	February 16, 2000

110	Name:	Rollin T. Chamberlin
	Year Elected:	1943
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1882
	Death Date:	5/6/48

111	Name:	Dr. Britton Chance
	Institution:	University of Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	1958
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1913
	Death Date:	November 16, 2010

	Britton Chance had been Eldridge Reeves Johnson University Professor Emeritus of Biophysics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine since 1983. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Pennyslvania in 1940 and was affiliated with the university for over 65 years, primarily in its biophysics and biochemistry departments. During the war years he led advances in radar and automatic ship steering and later designed experiments which demonstrated a mastery of cellular physiology. Using revolutionary methods he also made fundamental discoveries in the complex interrelations of substrate-enzyme systems. Dr. Chance's recent research interests included the study of the basic theory of photon migration through tissues; the use of picosecond pulsed and high frequency modulation of near infrared (NIR) light in human brain, breast and muscle, to characterize tissue optical properties; the use of imaging systems to detect breast tumors and hemorrhage deep within tissues; and human brain function in cognitive activity. Dr. Chance was a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1954) and American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1955) and has over 1,300 original scientific publications to his credit. In 1990 Dr. Chance was presented with the American Philosophical Society's Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences. The citation described Dr. Chance as "a monumental figure in biology and the medical sciences, whose unequalled productivity and energy have advanced, for more than half a century, the frontiers of basic research and clinical medicine." Britton Chance died November 16, 2010, at age 97, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

112	Name:	Dr. Vicki L. Chandler
	Institution:	Minerva School of Arts and Sciences at KGI
	Year Elected:	2015
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	207. Genetics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1950

	Dr. Chandler’s career spans the fields of education, science and non-profit leadership. She joined Minerva Schools at KGI as Dean of Natural Sciences in 2015. Prior to joining Minerva, Dr. Chandler was a Chief Program Officer for 6 years, leading the Science Program for the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, which invests approximately $100 million per year to advance scientific innovation and discovery across a breadth of scientific areas. She is an emeritus Regents’ Professor in the Departments of Plant Sciences and the BIO5 Institute, at the University of Arizona. She was also previously on the faculty at the University of Oregon’s Institute for Molecular Biology and Biology Department. Throughout her academic career she taught undergraduate and graduate courses in Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology. Dr. Chandler has conducted research on the epigenetic control of gene expression in plants and animals for three decades, with funding from the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Her honors and awards include a Presidential Young Investigator Award, Searle Scholar Award, the NSF Faculty Award for Women Scientists and Engineers, and the NIH Director’s Pioneer Award. She was appointed to the National Science Board in 2014 by President Obama and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2002, later serving on its governing council from 2007-2010. She has served extensively on national advisory boards and panels for NSF, DOE, USDA, NIH, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the National Academies of Science. She received her BA from the University of California, Berkeley and her PhD from the University of California San Francisco and was a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University.

113	Name:	Ralph W. Chaney
	Year Elected:	1943
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1891
	Death Date:	3/3/71

114	Name:	Frank M. Chapman
	Year Elected:	1921
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1864
	Death Date:	11/15/45

115	Name:	Dr. Erwin Chargaff
	Institution:	Columbia University
	Year Elected:	1979
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1905
	Death Date:	June 20, 2002

116	Name:	George H. Chase
	Year Elected:	1929
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1875
	Death Date:	2/2/52

117	Name:	Russell H. Chittenden
	Year Elected:	1904
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1855
	Death Date:	12/26/43

118	Name:	Dr. Purnell W. Choppin
	Institution:	Howard Hughes Medical Institute
	Year Elected:	1988
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	209. Neurobiology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1929
	Death Date:	July 3, 2021

	Purnell W. Choppin was President Emeritus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), serving from 1987-99. HHMI, one of the world's largest philanthropic organizations, supports research at medical schools, universities, and research institutes across the country and operates grants programs for science education at every level from elementary school through postdoctoral training, and for international biomedical research. He is also a principal of The Washington Advisory Group, LLC, which provides strategic counsel and management consulting services to universities, governments, and not-for-profit organizations. Before joining HHMI, Dr. Choppin was at the Rockefeller University, where he was Leon Hess Professor of Virology, vice president for academic programs, and dean of graduate studies. Dr. Choppin was a member of many scientific and professional societies, including the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and the Association of American Physicians. In 1985-86 he was President of the American Society for Virology. His honors and awards include the Howard Taylor Ricketts Award from the University of Chicago (1978); the Selman A. Waksman Award for excellence in microbiology from the NAS (1984); the University of California, San Francisco Medal (2000); and many honorary degrees. Dr. Choppin was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1988. He died on July 3, 2021.

119	Name:	Dr. Joanne Chory
	Institution:	The Salk Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
	Year Elected:	2015
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	207. Genetics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1955

	Joanne Chory is an Investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and is Professor at The Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, where she directs the Plant Biology Laboratory. She is also Adjunct Professor of Biology at the University of California, San Diego. Dr. Chory is distinguished for her many contributions to modern plant biology. She and her lab members use the model plant, Arabidopsis, to identify pathways involved in plant growth, including components of the photoreceptor pathways that link changes in the light environment with plasticity of plant form. A native of Massachusetts, Joanne Chory received an A.B. degree in biology with honors from Oberlin College, OH, a Ph.D. in microbiology from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and conducted postdoctoral research at Harvard Medical School. In 1988, she joined the faculty of the Salk Institute, where she has remained. Dr. Chory has served on numerous advisory committees and editorial boards, and is the recipient of several awards. In addition to the APS, she is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is also a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Chory is a foreign member of the Royal Society of London and the French Academie des Sciences and a member of the German National Academy of Sciences. Her awards include the Breakthrough Prize (2018), the Gruber Genetics Prize (2018), and the the 2020 Pearl Meister Greengard Prize.

120	Name:	Sir Christopher H. Andrewes
	Year Elected:	1955
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1896
	Death Date:	12/31/88

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